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Stop Child Executions is a non-profit organization co-founded by Nazanin Afshin-Jam that aims to put an end to executions of minors in Iran. The organization campaigns to raise awareness about the issue and to put pressure on the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran, both in Iran and internationally. SCE is a follow-up effort to the successful campaign and petition that helped save the life of Nazanin Fatehi, an Iranian teenager sentenced to death for killing her attempted rapist. The "Save Nazanin" petition garnered more than 350,000 signatures worldwide.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=9798463 )〕 Fatehi was released from prison in 2007. SCE is a member of the Geneva Summit for Human Rights and Democracy.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.genevasummit.org/partners )〕 ==Background information== As a state party to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-4&chapter=4&lang=en )〕 and the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC),〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.loc.gov/law/help/child-rights/iran.php )〕 the government of Iran agreed not to execute anyone for an offense committed when they were under the age of 18. Article 6 paragraph 5 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) declares: “Sentence of death shall not be imposed for crimes committed by persons below eighteen years of age”〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%20999/v999.pdf )〕 and article 37 paragraph 1 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) provides that: “Neither capital punishment nor life imprisonment without possibility of release shall be imposed for offenses committed by persons below eighteen years of age”.〔Wikisource:United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child#Article 37〕 Upon ratification of the CRC, however, Iran made the following reservation: "If the text of the Convention is or becomes incompatible with the domestic laws and Islamic standards at any time or in any case, the Government of the Islamic Republic shall not abide by it."〔 In January 2005, the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, which monitors states' compliance with the CRC, urged Iran to immediately stay all executions of child offenders and to abolish the use of the death penalty in such cases. In the summer of 2006, the Iranian Parliament reportedly passed a bill establishing special courts for children and adolescents. However, it had not been approved by the Council of Guardians, which supervises Iran's legislation to ensure conformity with Islamic principles.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.hrw.org/news/2007/06/19/iran-leads-world-executing-children )〕 As Iran continued to execute juvenile offenders, international human rights organisations〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=International Federation of Human Rights )〕 and foreign governments〔(French reaction to the execution of Delera Darabi, May 2009 ) ; (European Union's reaction to the execution of Delera Darabi, May 2009 ).〕 routinely denounced the executions as a violation of the treaty. Stop Child Executions was founded in 2007. In October 2008 SCE issued a comprehensive list of solutions to end juvenile executions in Iran.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=SCE Solutions )〕 In June 2009, SCE issued a report on child executions in Iran. Since 1990 at least 34 executions of juvenile offenders in Iran had been recorded (26 since 2005).〔(【引用サイトリンク】website=Stop Child Executions )〕 As of October 2008 SCE had recorded at least 140 juvenile offenders on death row in Iran,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Row )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.canada.com/topics/news/world/story.html?id=e14334d8-dd76-41ab-a3a8-0c6314acacb8 )〕 3 in Saudi Arabia, 3 in Sudan and 1 in Yemen. As of October 2008 6 juveniles were reported to have been executed in Iran to date in 2008.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Issue of Executions ) 〕 On February 10, 2012, Iran's parliament changed the controversial law of executing juveniles. Under the new law, 18 (solar years) is the age of majority for both genders, and juvenile offenders are purportedly sentenced under a different law than adults.〔 〕 Under the previous, Islamic law, girls reached majority at the age of 9 and boys at the age of 15 (in lunar years, which are 11 days shorter than solar years), after which they were held fully responsible for their crimes.〔 Despite the new legislation, execution of juveniles continues to be an issue in Iran. Amnesty International reported that at least 13 juveniles had been executed in Iran in 2014.〔 In February 2015, two sources reported that Saman Naseem, who had been a juvenile at the time of his arrest had been sentenced to death and hanged.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://iranhr.net/2015/02/unofficial-report-saman-naseem-was-executed-yesterday/ )〕 Iranian authorities did not officially comment on the report〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://iranhr.net/2015/02/still-no-official-information-about-the-fate-of-saman-naseem/ )〕〔 〕 but in July 2015 Saman Naseem was reportedly still alive. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Stop Child Executions Campaign」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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